Journal of Neurology and Neuroscience Become Reviewer and Editpr

Types of manuscripts and formal requirements

All manufactures must exist written in English.
The following article will be considered for publication and can exist submitted via Editorial Manager: Original Communication, Reviews, Short Commentary, Letters to the Editors and Pioneers in Neurology.
Original Communication must not exceed ix,000 words (excluding abstruse and keywords, figures, tables, captions and references). Exceptions tin can exist made merely with the agreement of the responsible Chief Editor.
Review Articles must non exceed 12,000 words (excluding abstruse and keywords, figures, tables, captions and references). Exceptions tin exist fabricated only with the agreement of the responsible Editor.
Brusque Commentaries highlight new developments in clinical neuroscience and should not contain more than than 6,000 words. Preliminary results of highly innovative studies may be submitted equally Short Commentaries.
Letters to the Editors will be considered describing pocket-size studies or example reports of special significance and should not contain more than ii,500 words and 15 references. Abstract and key words are not required.
Pioneers in Neurology manufactures have a limit of 1,000 words, 10 references, and 1 portrait figure. These articles are not obituaries; rather, they focus on the scientific contributions of past pioneers to the neurological sciences, comprising fundamental biographical information, but foremost, offer originality and a fresh perspective. Please consult previous issues for sample papers.
Neurological Update papers are invited reviews past experts that provide an update in their field of expertise. Journal of Neurology does not consider unsolicited submissions of Neurological Update papers.
Journal Club papers are invited to hash out relevant publications in the field of clinical neurology. Periodical of Neurology does non consider unsolicited submissions of Periodical Club papers.

Manuscript Submission

Submission of a manuscript implies: that the piece of work described has not been published before; that information technology is not under consideration for publication anywhere else; that its publication has been approved by all co-authors, if any, besides equally by the responsible authorities – tacitly or explicitly – at the found where the work has been carried out. The publisher will not be held legally responsible should at that place be whatever claims for compensation.

Permissions

Authors wishing to include figures, tables, or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright owner(s) for both the print and online format and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Whatever fabric received without such testify will exist assumed to originate from the authors.

Online Submission

Please follow the hyperlink "Submit manuscript" and upload all of your manuscript files following the instructions given on the screen.

Source Files

Delight ensure you provide all relevant editable source files at every submission and revision. Failing to submit a complete set of editable source files will outcome in your commodity non existence considered for review. For your manuscript text please always submit in mutual word processing formats such as .docx or LaTeX.

Title Folio

Please make certain your title page contains the following data.

Title

The title should be concise and informative.

Author information

The name(south) of the author(s)
The affiliation(south) of the author(s), i.e. institution, (department), city, (land), country
A clear indication and an agile e-mail address of the corresponding author
If available, the xvi-digit ORCID of the writer(south)

If address information is provided with the affiliation(s) it will also exist published.

For authors that are (temporarily) unaffiliated nosotros volition only capture their metropolis and country of residence, non their e-mail address unless specifically requested.

Abstract

Please provide an abstract of 150 to 250 words. The abstract should not incorporate any undefined abbreviations or unspecified references.

For life science journals only (when applicable)

Trial registration number and date of registration for prospectively registered trials
Trial registration number and date of registration, followed by "retrospectively registered", for retrospectively registered trials

Keywords

Please provide iv to half-dozen keywords which can exist used for indexing purposes.

Statements and Declarations

The post-obit statements should be included under the heading "Statements and Declarations" for inclusion in the published paper. Please note that submissions that do not include relevant declarations volition be returned as incomplete.

Competing Interests: Authors are required to disembalm financial or non-financial interests that are straight or indirectly related to the piece of work submitted for publication. Delight refer to "Competing Interests and Funding" beneath for more information on how to complete this section.

Please run into the relevant sections in the submission guidelines for further data as well equally various examples of diction. Please revise/customize the sample statements according to your own needs.

Text

Text Formatting

Manuscripts should exist submitted in Word.

Use a normal, plain font (e.g., 10-point Times Roman) for text.
Utilize italics for accent.
Use the automated page numbering function to number the pages.
Practice not use field functions.
Use tab stops or other commands for indents, not the space bar.
Use the table function, not spreadsheets, to make tables.
Utilise the equation editor or MathType for equations.
Relieve your file in docx format (Word 2007 or higher) or dr. format (older Word versions).

Manuscripts with mathematical content tin besides exist submitted in LaTeX. Nosotros recommend using Springer Nature's LaTeX template.

Headings

Please utilize no more than than three levels of displayed headings.

Abbreviations

Abbreviations should be defined at first mention and used consistently thereafter.

Footnotes

Footnotes tin can be used to give additional information, which may include the citation of a reference included in the reference list. They should not consist solely of a reference commendation, and they should never include the bibliographic details of a reference. They should also not contain any figures or tables.

Footnotes to the text are numbered consecutively; those to tables should be indicated by superscript lower-example letters (or asterisks for significance values and other statistical data). Footnotes to the title or the authors of the commodity are not given reference symbols.

Always apply footnotes instead of endnotes.

Acknowledgments

Acknowledgments of people, grants, funds, etc. should be placed in a separate section on the title page. The names of funding organizations should be written in full.

Scientific style

Generic names of drugs and pesticides are preferred; if merchandise names are used, the generic name should be given at first mention.

References

Citation

Reference citations in the text should be identified by numbers in square brackets. Some examples:

1. Negotiation research spans many disciplines [3].

2. This result was afterward contradicted by Becker and Seligman [5].

iii. This effect has been widely studied [ane-three, vii].

Reference list

The listing of references should just include works that are cited in the text and that have been published or accustomed for publication. Personal communications and unpublished works should only exist mentioned in the text.

The entries in the listing should be numbered consecutively.

If bachelor, please always include DOIs as total DOI links in your reference list (e.g. "https://doi.org/abc").

Periodical commodity
Gamelin FX, Baquet G, Berthoin S, Thevenet D, Nourry C, Nottin Due south, Bosquet L (2009) Effect of loftier intensity intermittent preparation on heart rate variability in prepubescent children. Eur J Appl Physiol 105:731-738. https://doi.org/x.1007/s00421-008-0955-8

Ideally, the names of all authors should be provided, just the usage of "et al" in long author lists will also exist accustomed:

Smith J, Jones G Jr, Houghton L et al (1999) Future of health insurance. Northward Engl J Med 965:325–329
Commodity by DOI
Slifka MK, Whitton JL (2000) Clinical implications of dysregulated cytokine production. J Mol Med. https://doi.org/x.1007/s001090000086
Volume
South J, Blass B (2001) The future of modern genomics. Blackwell, London
Volume chapter
Brownish B, Aaron M (2001) The politics of nature. In: Smith J (ed) The rise of modern genomics, 3rd edn. Wiley, New York, pp 230-257
Online document
Cartwright J (2007) Big stars have weather as well. IOP Publishing PhysicsWeb. http://physicsweb.org/articles/news/xi/6/16/1. Accessed 26 June 2007
Dissertation
Trent JW (1975) Experimental astute renal failure. Dissertation, University of California

Ever use the standard abbreviation of a journal'south proper noun co-ordinate to the ISSN List of Championship Word Abbreviations, see

ISSN.org LTWA

If you are unsure, please use the total journal title.

Authors preparing their manuscript in LaTeX can utilize the bibliography style file sn-basic.bst which is included in the Springer Nature Commodity Template.

Tables

All tables are to be numbered using Arabic numerals.
Tables should always be cited in text in consecutive numerical order.
For each table, please supply a table caption (title) explaining the components of the tabular array.
Identify any previously published cloth by giving the original source in the class of a reference at the stop of the table caption.
Footnotes to tables should exist indicated past superscript lower-example letters (or asterisks for significance values and other statistical information) and included beneath the table torso.

Artwork and Illustrations Guidelines

Electronic Figure Submission

Supply all figures electronically.
Indicate what graphics program was used to create the artwork.
For vector graphics, the preferred format is EPS; for halftones, delight utilize TIFF format. MSOffice files are also acceptable.
Vector graphics containing fonts must accept the fonts embedded in the files.
Name your figure files with "Fig" and the effigy number, east.thousand., Fig1.eps.

Line Art

Definition: Blackness and white graphic with no shading.
Do not use faint lines and/or lettering and bank check that all lines and lettering within the figures are legible at terminal size.
All lines should exist at to the lowest degree 0.1 mm (0.three pt) wide.
Scanned line drawings and line drawings in bitmap format should take a minimum resolution of 1200 dpi.
Vector graphics containing fonts must have the fonts embedded in the files.

Halftone Fine art

Definition: Photographs, drawings, or paintings with fine shading, etc.
If any magnification is used in the photographs, indicate this by using scale bars within the figures themselves.
Halftones should have a minimum resolution of 300 dpi.

Combination Art

Definition: a combination of halftone and line art, e.g., halftones containing line cartoon, all-encompassing lettering, color diagrams, etc.
Combination artwork should have a minimum resolution of 600 dpi.

Color Art

Colour art is gratuitous of accuse for online publication.
If blackness and white volition be shown in the print version, brand sure that the master information volition withal be visible. Many colors are not distinguishable from one another when converted to black and white. A simple fashion to bank check this is to brand a xerographic copy to come across if the necessary distinctions betwixt the dissimilar colors are notwithstanding apparent.
If the figures will exist printed in black and white, do not refer to color in the captions.
Color illustrations should be submitted as RGB (8 bits per aqueduct).

Effigy Lettering

To add lettering, it is best to use Helvetica or Arial (sans serif fonts).
Keep lettering consistently sized throughout your final-sized artwork, usually well-nigh ii–three mm (viii–12 pt).
Variance of blazon size inside an illustration should be minimal, east.thou., do not use eight-pt type on an centrality and 20-pt type for the axis label.
Avoid effects such as shading, outline letters, etc.
Exercise not include titles or captions inside your illustrations.

Figure Numbering

All figures are to exist numbered using Standard arabic numerals.
Figures should e'er be cited in text in consecutive numerical order.
Effigy parts should be denoted past lowercase letters (a, b, c, etc.).
If an appendix appears in your article and information technology contains one or more than figures, keep the consecutive numbering of the chief text. Do not number the appendix figures,"A1, A2, A3, etc." Figures in online appendices [Supplementary Information (SI)] should, however, be numbered separately.

Figure Captions

Each figure should have a concise explanation describing accurately what the figure depicts. Include the captions in the text file of the manuscript, not in the figure file.
Effigy captions begin with the term Fig. in assuming type, followed by the figure number, also in bold type.
No punctuation is to be included after the number, nor is any punctuation to exist placed at the terminate of the explanation.
Identify all elements constitute in the figure in the figure caption; and use boxes, circles, etc., as coordinate points in graphs.
Place previously published material past giving the original source in the grade of a reference citation at the cease of the figure caption.

Figure Placement and Size

Figures should be submitted separately from the text, if possible.
When preparing your figures, size figures to fit in the column width.
For large-sized journals the figures should be 84 mm (for double-column text areas), or 174 mm (for single-column text areas) wide and not higher than 234 mm.
For small-sized journals, the figures should be 119 mm wide and not college than 195 mm.

Permissions

If you lot include figures that take already been published elsewhere, y'all must obtain permission from the copyright owner(s) for both the print and online format. Please be aware that some publishers practice non grant electronic rights for costless and that Springer will not be able to refund any costs that may have occurred to receive these permissions. In such cases, cloth from other sources should exist used.

Accessibility

In order to give people of all abilities and disabilities access to the content of your figures, please make sure that

All figures take descriptive captions (blind users could then use a text-to-spoken communication software or a text-to-Braille hardware)
Patterns are used instead of or in improver to colors for conveying data (colorblind users would then be able to distinguish the visual elements)
Any figure lettering has a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1

Supplementary Information (SI)

Springer accepts electronic multimedia files (animations, movies, audio, etc.) and other supplementary files to be published online along with an commodity or a book affiliate. This feature can add dimension to the author'southward article, as certain information cannot be printed or is more convenient in electronic grade.

Before submitting enquiry datasets as Supplementary Data, authors should read the periodical's Research data policy. We encourage inquiry data to be archived in data repositories wherever possible.

Submission

Supply all supplementary material in standard file formats.
Please include in each file the following data: article title, journal proper noun, author names; affiliation and electronic mail accost of the corresponding author.
To accommodate user downloads, please keep in mind that larger-sized files may require very long download times and that some users may experience other problems during downloading.
High resolution (streamable quality) videos can exist submitted upward to a maximum of 25GB; low resolution videos should non be larger than 5GB.

Audio, Video, and Animations

Aspect ratio: sixteen:9 or 4:3
Maximum file size: 25 GB for high resolution files; 5 GB for low resolution files
Minimum video duration: ane sec
Supported file formats: avi, wmv, mp4, mov, m2p, mp2, mpg, mpeg, flv, mxf, mts, m4v, 3gp

Text and Presentations

Submit your material in PDF format; .doc or .ppt files are not suitable for long-term viability.
A collection of figures may too exist combined in a PDF file.

Spreadsheets

Spreadsheets should be submitted as .csv or .xlsx files (MS Excel).

Specialized Formats

Specialized format such every bit .pdb (chemical), .wrl (VRML), .nb (Mathematica notebook), and .tex can besides be supplied.

Collecting Multiple Files

It is possible to collect multiple files in a .naught or .gz file.

Numbering

If supplying any supplementary textile, the text must make specific mention of the fabric as a citation, similar to that of figures and tables.
Refer to the supplementary files every bit "Online Resource", e.chiliad., "... as shown in the animation (Online Resource 3)", "... additional data are given in Online Resource 4".
Name the files consecutively, eastward.g. "ESM_3.mpg", "ESM_4.pdf".

Captions

For each supplementary cloth, please supply a concise caption describing the content of the file.

Processing of supplementary files

Supplementary Information (SI) will exist published as received from the author without any conversion, editing, or reformatting.

Accessibility

In order to requite people of all abilities and disabilities admission to the content of your supplementary files, please make certain that

The manuscript contains a descriptive caption for each supplementary material
Video files practise not contain anything that flashes more than three times per second (then that users prone to seizures caused by such effects are not put at risk)

Integrity of research and reporting

Ethical standards

Manuscripts submitted for publication must comprise a statement to the effect that all human and brute studies have been approved past the advisable ethics committee and have therefore been performed in accord with the ethical standards laid downward in the 1964 Announcement of Helsinki and its after amendments.

Information technology should also be stated conspicuously in the text that all persons gave their informed consent prior to their inclusion in the study. Details that might disembalm the identity of the subjects under written report should be omitted.

These statements should be added in a separate department before the reference list. If these statements are non applicative, authors should state: The manuscript does not incorporate clinical studies or patient data.

The editors reserve the correct to turn down manuscripts that do not comply with the above-mentioned requirements. The author will be held responsible for false statements or failure to fulfill the above-mentioned requirements

Conflict of interest

Authors must indicate whether or not they have a financial relationship with the arrangement that sponsored the research. This note should be added in a carve up section before the reference list.

If no disharmonize exists, authors should country: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

English Linguistic communication Editing

For editors and reviewers to accurately appraise the work presented in your manuscript you need to ensure the English language language is of sufficient quality to exist understood. If you need help with writing in English you should consider:

Getting a fast, free online grammer cheque.
Asking a colleague who is proficient in English to review your manuscript for clarity.
Visiting the English language tutorial which covers the mutual mistakes when writing in English.
Using a professional person language editing service where editors volition improve the English to ensure that your significant is clear and identify problems that require your review. 2 such services are provided by our affiliates Nature Enquiry Editing Service and American Journal Experts. Springer authors are entitled to a 10% disbelieve on their showtime submission to either of these services, simply follow the links below.

Free online grammar bank check

English language tutorial

Nature Research Editing Service

American Journal Experts

Delight note that the utilise of a linguistic communication editing service is not a requirement for publication in this journal and does not imply or guarantee that the article will exist selected for peer review or accepted.

If your manuscript is accepted it will be checked by our copyeditors for spelling and formal style before publication.

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为便于编辑和评审专家准确评估您稿件中陈述的研究工作，您需要确保您的英语语言质量足以令人理解。如果您需要英文写作方面的帮助，您可以考虑：

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● 请一位以英语为母语的同事审核您的稿件是否表意清晰。

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● 使用专业语言编辑服务，编辑人员会对英语进行润色，以确保您的意思表达清晰，并识别需要您复核的问题。我们的附属机构 Nature Research Editing Service 和合作伙伴 American Periodical Experts 即可提供此类服务。

免费在线语法检查

教程

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请注意，使用语言编辑服务并非在期刊上发表文章的必要条件，同时也并不意味或保证文章将被选中进行同行评议或被接受。

如果您的稿件被接受，在发表之前，我们的文字编辑会检查您的文稿拼写是否规范以及文体是否正式。

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エディターと査読者があなたの論文を正しく評価するには、使用されている英語の質が十分に高いことが必要とされます。英語での論文執筆に際してサポートが必要な場合には、次のオプションがあります：

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・プロの英文校正サービスを利用する。校正者が原稿の意味を明確にしたり、問題点を指摘し、英語の質を向上させます。Nature Inquiry Editing Service とAmerican Journal Experts の2つは弊社と提携しているサービスです。Springer の著者は、いずれのサービスも初めて利用する際には10%の割引を受けることができます。以下のリンクを参照ください。

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英語のチュートリアル

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英文校正サービスの利用は、投稿先のジャーナルに掲載されるための条件ではないこと、また論文審査や受理を保証するものではないことに留意してください。

原稿が受理されると、出版前に弊社のコピーエディターがスペルと体裁のチェックを行います。

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영어 원고의 경우, 에디터 및 리뷰어들이 귀하의 원고에 실린 결과물을 정확하게 평가할 수 있도록, 그들이 충분히 이해할 수 있을 만한 수준으로 작성되어야 합니다. 만약 영작문과 관련하여 도움을 받기를 원하신다면 다음의 사항들을 고려하여 주십시오:

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영어 튜토리얼 페이지

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영문 교정 서비스는 게재를 위한 요구사항은 아니며, 해당 서비스의 이용이 피어 리뷰에 논문이 선택되거나 게재가 수락되는 것을 의미하거나 보장하지 않습니다.

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Ethical Responsibilities of Authors

This periodical is committed to upholding the integrity of the scientific record. As a member of the Committee on Publication Ideals (COPE) the journal volition follow the COPE guidelines on how to bargain with potential acts of misconduct.

Authors should refrain from misrepresenting enquiry results which could damage the trust in the periodical, the professionalism of scientific authorship, and ultimately the entire scientific endeavour. Maintaining integrity of the research and its presentation is helped by following the rules of adept scientific practise, which include*:

The manuscript should not be submitted to more than than one journal for simultaneous consideration.
The submitted work should exist original and should not have been published elsewhere in any form or language (partially or in total), unless the new work concerns an expansion of previous piece of work. (Please provide transparency on the re-use of fabric to avoid the concerns near text-recycling ('cocky-plagiarism').
A unmarried study should not be dissever up into several parts to increase the quantity of submissions and submitted to various journals or to ane journal over time (i.east. 'salami-slicing/publishing').
Concurrent or secondary publication is sometimes justifiable, provided certain weather condition are met. Examples include: translations or a manuscript that is intended for a different group of readers.
Results should exist presented clearly, honestly, and without fabrication, falsification or inappropriate data manipulation (including image based manipulation). Authors should adhere to bailiwick-specific rules for acquiring, selecting and processing data.
No information, text, or theories by others are presented as if they were the author's own ('plagiarism'). Proper acknowledgements to other works must be given (this includes material that is closely copied (near verbatim), summarized and/or paraphrased), quotation marks (to indicate words taken from another source) are used for verbatim copying of material, and permissions secured for cloth that is copyrighted.

Of import notation: the journal may use software to screen for plagiarism.

Authors should make sure they have permissions for the utilize of software, questionnaires/(spider web) surveys and scales in their studies (if advisable).
Research manufactures and non-research articles (eastward.g. Stance, Review, and Commentary manufactures) must cite appropriate and relevant literature in support of the claims made. Excessive and inappropriate self-citation or coordinated efforts among several authors to collectively cocky-cite is strongly discouraged.
Authors should avert untrue statements almost an entity (who can be an individual person or a company) or descriptions of their behavior or actions that could potentially be seen every bit personal attacks or allegations about that person.
Research that may be misapplied to pose a threat to public health or national security should be conspicuously identified in the manuscript (east.g. dual use of research). Examples include cosmos of harmful consequences of biological agents or toxins, disruption of immunity of vaccines, unusual hazards in the utilise of chemicals, weaponization of research/technology (amongst others).
Authors are strongly advised to ensure the writer group, the Corresponding Author, and the gild of authors are all correct at submission. Adding and/or deleting authors during the revision stages is mostly not permitted, simply in some cases may be warranted. Reasons for changes in authorship should exist explained in detail. Delight notation that changes to authorship cannot be fabricated after acceptance of a manuscript.

*All of the above are guidelines and authors need to make certain to respect tertiary parties rights such as copyright and/or moral rights.

Upon request authors should exist prepared to send relevant documentation or data in society to verify the validity of the results presented. This could exist in the form of raw data, samples, records, etc. Sensitive information in the form of confidential or proprietary information is excluded.

If there is suspicion of misbehavior or alleged fraud the Periodical and/or Publisher volition carry out an investigation post-obit COPE guidelines. If, after investigation, in that location are valid concerns, the author(s) concerned volition be contacted under their given email accost and given an opportunity to accost the consequence. Depending on the state of affairs, this may result in the Journal's and/or Publisher's implementation of the post-obit measures, including, simply not limited to:

If the manuscript is still under consideration, it may be rejected and returned to the author.
If the article has already been published online, depending on the nature and severity of the infraction:
- an erratum/correction may be placed with the article

- an expression of concern may be placed with the commodity

- or in severe cases retraction of the article may occur.

The reason will be given in the published erratum/correction, expression of concern or retraction note. Delight annotation that retraction means that the article is maintained on the platform, watermarked "retracted" and the caption for the retraction is provided in a note linked to the watermarked commodity.

The author'southward institution may be informed
A detect of suspected transgression of upstanding standards in the peer review system may exist included as part of the author's and article's bibliographic record.

Fundamental errors

Authors have an obligation to correct mistakes one time they discover a significant error or inaccuracy in their published article. The writer(due south) is/are requested to contact the periodical and explain in what sense the mistake is impacting the commodity. A decision on how to correct the literature will depend on the nature of the mistake. This may be a correction or retraction. The retraction note should provide transparency which parts of the article are impacted by the fault.

Suggesting / excluding reviewers

Authors are welcome to propose suitable reviewers and/or request the exclusion of sure individuals when they submit their manuscripts. When suggesting reviewers, authors should make certain they are totally independent and not connected to the piece of work in any way. Information technology is strongly recommended to suggest a mix of reviewers from different countries and different institutions. When suggesting reviewers, the Corresponding Writer must provide an institutional email address for each suggested reviewer, or, if this is not possible to include other means of verifying the identity such as a link to a personal homepage, a link to the publication record or a researcher or author ID in the submission letter. Please note that the Periodical may non utilise the suggestions, but suggestions are appreciated and may assist facilitate the peer review procedure.

Competing Interests

Authors are requested to disclose interests that are directly or indirectly related to the work submitted for publication. Interests within the final 3 years of starting time the work (conducting the inquiry and preparing the work for submission) should be reported. Interests outside the 3-yr time frame must exist disclosed if they could reasonably be perceived as influencing the submitted work. Disclosure of interests provides a complete and transparent procedure and helps readers form their own judgments of potential bias. This is not meant to imply that a fiscal relationship with an system that sponsored the enquiry or compensation received for consultancy work is inappropriate.

Editorial Lath Members and Editors are required to declare any competing interests and may be excluded from the peer review process if a competing interest exists. In addition, they should exclude themselves from handling manuscripts in cases where there is a competing interest. This may include – but is not limited to – having previously published with one or more than of the authors, and sharing the same institution every bit one or more of the authors. Where an Editor or Editorial Board Member is on the author list they must declare this in the competing interests section on the submitted manuscript. If they are an author or accept any other competing involvement regarding a specific manuscript, some other Editor or member of the Editorial Board will be assigned to presume responsibleness for overseeing peer review. These submissions are discipline to the exact aforementioned review process as any other manuscript. Editorial Board Members are welcome to submit papers to the periodical. These submissions are non given any priority over other manuscripts, and Editorial Lath Fellow member status has no bearing on editorial consideration.

Interests that should be considered and disclosed but are not express to the following:

Funding: Inquiry grants from funding agencies (please give the enquiry funder and the grant number) and/or research back up (including salaries, equipment, supplies, reimbursement for attention symposia, and other expenses) by organizations that may gain or lose financially through publication of this manuscript.

Employment: Recent (while engaged in the enquiry projection), present or anticipated employment past any system that may proceeds or lose financially through publication of this manuscript. This includes multiple affiliations (if applicable).

Financial interests: Stocks or shares in companies (including holdings of spouse and/or children) that may gain or lose financially through publication of this manuscript; consultation fees or other forms of remuneration from organizations that may gain or lose financially; patents or patent applications whose value may exist afflicted by publication of this manuscript.

Information technology is hard to specify a threshold at which a financial interest becomes significant, any such figure is necessarily arbitrary, and then one possible practical guideline is the post-obit: "Any undeclared fiscal interest that could embarrass the author were it to get publicly known later the work was published."

Not-financial interests: In addition, authors are requested to disembalm interests that get beyond financial interests that could impart bias on the work submitted for publication such every bit professional interests, personal relationships or personal beliefs (amongst others). Examples include, but are not limited to: position on editorial board, advisory board or board of directors or other type of direction relationships; writing and/or consulting for educational purposes; expert witness; mentoring relations; and and so along.

Master inquiry articles require a disclosure argument. Review articles nowadays an good synthesis of evidence and may be treated equally an administrative work on a subject. Review manufactures therefore require a disclosure statement.Other article types such as editorials, book reviews, comments (among others) may, dependent on their content, require a disclosure statement. If you are unclear whether your article type requires a disclosure statement, delight contact the Editor-in-Chief.

Please note that, in improver to the above requirements, funding information (given that funding is a potential competing interest (as mentioned above)) needs to be disclosed upon submission of the manuscript in the peer review arrangement. This information will automatically exist added to the Record of CrossMark, notwithstanding information technology is not added to the manuscript itself. Under 'summary of requirements' (see below) funding information should be included in the 'Declarations' department.

Summary of requirements

The above should exist summarized in a statement and placed in a 'Declarations' section before the reference listing under a heading of 'Funding' and/or 'Competing interests'. Other declarations include Ethics approval, Consent, Information, Material and/or Code availability and Authors' contribution statements.

Please encounter the various examples of wording beneath and revise/customize the sample statements according to your ain needs.

When all authors have the same (or no) conflicts and/or funding it is sufficient to utilise i blanket argument.

Examples of statements to exist used when funding has been received:

Partial financial support was received from [...]
The research leading to these results received funding from […] under Grant Understanding No[…].
This study was funded past […]
This work was supported by […] (Grant numbers […] and […]

Examples of statements to be used when in that location is no funding:

The authors did not receive back up from any arrangement for the submitted work.
No funding was received to assistance with the training of this manuscript.
No funding was received for conducting this study.
No funds, grants, or other support was received.

Examples of statements to be used when there are interests to declare:

Financial interests: Writer A has received enquiry support from Company A. Author B has received a speaker honorarium from Company Wand owns stock in Visitor Ten. Author C is consultant to company Y.
Non-financial interests: Author C is an unpaid member of committee Z.
Fiscal interests: The authors declare they accept no financial interests.
Non-fiscal interests: Writer A is on the board of directors of Y and receives no compensation equally member of the board of directors.
Financial interests: Author A received a speaking fee from Y for Z. Author B receives a salary from association 10. Ten where s/he is the Executive Director.
Non-financial interests: none.
Fiscal interests: Writer A and B declare they have no fiscal interests. Author C has received speaker and consultant honoraria from Company M and Company N. Dr. C has received speaker honorarium and research funding from Company M and Company O. Writer D has received travel back up from Company O.
Not-financial interests: Writer D has served on advisory boards for Company M, Company N and Company O.

Examples of statements to be used when authors accept nothing to declare:

The authors accept no relevant financial or not-financial interests to disclose.
The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this commodity.
All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or not-financial interest in the bailiwick thing or materials discussed in this manuscript.
The authors have no fiscal or proprietary interests in whatsoever material discussed in this article.

Authors are responsible for definiteness of the statements provided in the manuscript. Run into also Authorship Principles. The Editor-in-Chief reserves the right to reject submissions that practice not run into the guidelines described in this section.

Inquiry involving human participants, their information or biological fabric

Ethics approval

When reporting a study that involved human participants, their data or biological material, authors should include a statement that confirms that the study was approved (or granted exemption) by the appropriate institutional and/or national research ideals commission (including the name of the ideals commission) and certify that the study was performed in accordance with the upstanding standards every bit laid downward in the 1964 Annunciation of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. If doubtfulness exists whether the research was conducted in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Proclamation or comparable standards, the authors must explain the reasons for their approach, and demonstrate that an independent ethics committee or institutional review board explicitly approved the doubtful aspects of the study. If a study was granted exemption from requiring ethics approval, this should also exist detailed in the manuscript (including the reasons for the exemption).

Retrospective ideals approval

If a study has not been granted ethics commission approval prior to commencing, retrospective ethics approval normally cannot be obtained and it may not be possible to consider the manuscript for peer review. The decision on whether to proceed to peer review in such cases is at the Editor's discretion.

Ethics approval for retrospective studies

Although retrospective studies are conducted on already available data or biological textile (for which formal consent may non be needed or is difficult to obtain) ideals approval may be required dependent on the law and the national ethical guidelines of a country. Authors should check with their institution to make sure they are complying with the specific requirements of their country.

Ideals approval for case studies

Case reports require ideals approving. Most institutions volition take specific policies on this field of study. Authors should check with their institution to make sure they are complying with the specific requirements of their establishment and seek ethics approval where needed. Authors should exist enlightened to secure informed consent from the individual (or parent or guardian if the participant is a minor or incapable) Meet also section on Informed Consent.

Cell lines

If man cells are used, authors must declare in the manuscript: what cell lines were used by describing the source of the cell line, including when and from where information technology was obtained, whether the prison cell line has recently been authenticated and by what method. If cells were bought from a life science company the following need to be given in the manuscript: proper name of visitor (that provided the cells), cell type, number of cell line, and batch of cells.

It is recommended that authors check the NCBI database for misidentification and contamination of human cell lines. This step will alert authors to possible problems with the jail cell line and may save considerable time and attempt.

Further information is available from the International Prison cell Line Authentication Committee (ICLAC).

Authors should include a statement that confirms that an institutional or independent ideals committee (including the name of the ethics commission) approved the study and that informed consent was obtained from the donor or next of kin.

Research Resources Identifiers (RRID)

Research Resources Identifiers (RRID) are persistent unique identifiers (effectively like to a DOI) for research resources. This periodical encourages authors to prefer RRIDs when reporting key biological resources (antibodies, jail cell lines, model organisms and tools) in their manuscripts.

Examples:

Organism: Filip1 ^{tm1a(KOMP)Wtsi} RRID:MMRRC_055641-UCD

Cell Line: RST307 jail cell line RRID:CVCL_C321

Antibiotic: Luciferase antibiotic DSHB Cat# LUC-three, RRID:AB_2722109

Plasmid: mRuby3 plasmid RRID:Addgene_104005

Software: ImageJ Version one.ii.4 RRID:SCR_003070

RRIDs are provided by the Resource Identification Portal. Many commonly used research resources already have designated RRIDs. The portal also provides authors links then that they can quickly register a new resources and obtain an RRID.

Clinical Trial Registration

The World Health Arrangement (WHO) definition of a clinical trial is "any inquiry study that prospectively assigns human participants or groups of humans to one or more health-related interventions to evaluate the effects on health outcomes". The WHO defines health interventions as "A health intervention is an act performed for, with or on behalf of a person or population whose purpose is to assess, amend, maintain, promote or modify health, functioning or health weather condition" and a wellness-related issue is more often than not divers equally a alter in the health of a person or population as a result of an intervention.

To ensure the integrity of the reporting of patient-centered trials, authors must register prospective clinical trials (phase II to IV trials) in suitable publicly bachelor repositories. For example www.clinicaltrials.gov or any of the principal registries that participate in the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform.

The trial registration number (TRN) and engagement of registration should be included equally the last line of the manuscript abstract.

For clinical trials that have non been registered prospectively, authors are encouraged to annals retrospectively to ensure the complete publication of all results. The trial registration number (TRN), engagement of registration and the words 'retrospectively registered' should exist included as the terminal line of the manuscript abstract.

Standards of reporting

Springer Nature advocates complete and transparent reporting of biomedical and biological research and research with biological applications. Authors are recommended to adhere to the minimum reporting guidelines hosted by the EQUATOR Network when preparing their manuscript.

Verbal requirements may vary depending on the journal; please refer to the journal'south Instructions for Authors.

Checklists are available for a number of study designs, including:

Randomised trials (Espoused) and Report protocols (SPIRIT)

Observational studies (STROBE)

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) and protocols (Prisma-P)

Diagnostic/prognostic studies (STARD) and (TRIPOD)

Case reports (Care)

Clinical do guidelines (AGREE) and (Correct)

Qualitative inquiry (SRQR) and (COREQ)

Beast pre-clinical studies (ARRIVE)

Quality improvement studies (SQUIRE)

Economical evaluations (CHEERS)

Summary of requirements

The to a higher place should be summarized in a statement and placed in a 'Declarations' section before the reference listing under a heading of 'Ideals approval'.

Examples of statements to be used when ideals approval has been obtained:

• All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accord with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national enquiry committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its after amendments or comparable ethical standards. The written report was canonical by the Bioethics Committee of the Medical University of A (No. ...).

• This study was performed in line with the principles of the Announcement of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Commission of University B (Date.../No. ...).

• Approval was obtained from the ethics commission of University C. The procedures used in this report attach to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.

• The questionnaire and methodology for this written report was canonical by the Human Research Ethics committee of the Academy of D (Ethics approval number: ...).

Examples of statements to exist used for a retrospective written report:

• Upstanding approval was waived by the local Ideals Commission of University A in view of the retrospective nature of the written report and all the procedures being performed were function of the routine care.

• This research study was conducted retrospectively from information obtained for clinical purposes. Nosotros consulted extensively with the IRB of XYZ who determined that our study did non demand ethical approval. An IRB official waiver of ethical approval was granted from the IRB of XYZ.

• This retrospective chart review study involving human participants was in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The Human Investigation Committee (IRB) of University B approved this study.

Examples of statements to be used when no ethical approval is required/exemption granted:

• This is an observational study. The XYZ Research Ethics Committee has confirmed that no ethical approval is required.

• The data reproduced from Commodity X utilized human tissue that was procured via our Biobank AB, which provides de-identified samples. This written report was reviewed and deemed exempt by our XYZ Institutional Review Board. The BioBank protocols are in accordance with the upstanding standards of our establishment and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Authors are responsible for correctness of the statements provided in the manuscript. Run into also Authorship Principles. The Editor-in-Chief reserves the right to refuse submissions that do not meet the guidelines described in this section.

All individuals have individual rights that are not to be infringed. Individual participants in studies have, for instance, the right to determine what happens to the (identifiable) personal data gathered, to what they have said during a study or an interview, every bit well every bit to whatsoever photograph that was taken. This is specially true concerning images of vulnerable people (eastward.g. minors, patients, refugees, etc) or the apply of images in sensitive contexts. In many instances authors will need to secure written consent before including images.

Identifying details (names, dates of birth, identity numbers, biometrical characteristics (such as facial features, fingerprint, writing style, voice pattern, Deoxyribonucleic acid or other distinguishing characteristic) and other information) of the participants that were studied should not exist published in written descriptions, photographs, and genetic profiles unless the information is essential for scholarly purposes and the participant (or parent/guardian if the participant is a minor or incapable or legal representative) gave written informed consent for publication. Complete anonymity is difficult to achieve in some cases. Detailed descriptions of individual participants, whether of their whole bodies or of trunk sections, may lead to disclosure of their identity. Under certain circumstances consent is not required equally long as information is anonymized and the submission does non include images that may place the person.

Informed consent for publication should be obtained if there is any doubt. For example, masking the heart region in photographs of participants is inadequate protection of anonymity. If identifying characteristics are altered to protect anonymity, such every bit in genetic profiles, authors should provide assurance that alterations practise not distort pregnant.

Exceptions where it is not necessary to obtain consent:

• Images such every bit x rays, laparoscopic images, ultrasound images, brain scans, pathology slides unless there is a concern well-nigh identifying information in which case, authors should ensure that consent is obtained.

• Reuse of images: If images are being reused from prior publications, the Publisher will assume that the prior publication obtained the relevant information regarding consent. Authors should provide the appropriate attribution for republished images.

Consent and already bachelor data and/or biologic fabric

Regardless of whether material is collected from living or dead patients, they (family or guardian if the deceased has not made a pre-mortem conclusion) must have given prior written consent. The aspect of confidentiality as well as any wishes from the deceased should be respected.

Information protection, confidentiality and privacy

When biological textile is donated for or data is generated as part of a research projection authors should ensure, as part of the informed consent procedure, that the participants are made aware what kind of (personal) data will be processed, how it will be used and for what purpose. In example of data caused via a biobank/biorepository, it is possible they apply a broad consent which allows inquiry participants to consent to a wide range of uses of their data and samples which is regarded past inquiry ethics committees equally specific enough to be considered "informed". However, authors should e'er check the specific biobank/biorepository policies or any other blazon of data provider policies (in case of non-bio research) to be certain that this is the case.

Consent to Participate

For all enquiry involving human being subjects, freely-given, informed consent to participate in the study must be obtained from participants (or their parent or legal guardian in the case of children under 16) and a argument to this consequence should appear in the manuscript. In the case of articles describing human transplantation studies, authors must include a statement declaring that no organs/tissues were obtained from prisoners and must also name the institution(southward)/clinic(s)/section(southward) via which organs/tissues were obtained. For manuscripts reporting studies involving vulnerable groups where there is the potential for coercion or where consent may not accept been fully informed, actress intendance will be taken by the editor and may be referred to the Springer Nature Research Integrity Group.

Consent to Publish

Individuals may consent to participate in a report, but object to having their data published in a periodical article. Authors should make sure to also seek consent from individuals to publish their data prior to submitting their paper to a journal. This is in particular applicative to case studies. A consent to publish class can be found

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Summary of requirements

The in a higher place should exist summarized in a statement and placed in a 'Declarations' section before the reference listing nether a heading of 'Consent to participate' and/or 'Consent to publish'. Other declarations include Funding, Competing interests, Ethics approval, Consent, Data and/or Code availability and Authors' contribution statements.

Please encounter the diverse examples of wording below and revise/customize the sample statements co-ordinate to your own needs.

Sample statements for "Consent to participate":

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Informed consent was obtained from legal guardians.

Written informed consent was obtained from the parents.

Verbal informed consent was obtained prior to the interview.

Sample statements for "Consent to publish":

The authors affirm that human being research participants provided informed consent for publication of the images in Effigy(s) 1a, 1b and 1c.

The participant has consented to the submission of the case report to the journal.

Patients signed informed consent regarding publishing their data and photographs.

Sample statements if identifying information virtually participants is available in the article:

Additional informed consent was obtained from all individual participants for whom identifying information is included in this commodity.

Authors are responsible for correctness of the statements provided in the manuscript. Come across too Authorship Principles. The Editor-in-Chief reserves the right to reject submissions that do non meet the guidelines described in this section.

Images will be removed from publication if authors have non obtained informed consent or the paper may be removed and replaced with a find explaining the reason for removal.

Authorship principles

These guidelines describe authorship principles and skilful authorship practices to which prospective authors should adhere to.

Authorship clarified

The Journal and Publisher assume all authors agreed with the content and that all gave explicit consent to submit and that they obtained consent from the responsible authorities at the institute/organisation where the work has been carried out, before the work is submitted.

The Publisher does not prescribe the kinds of contributions that warrant authorship. It is recommended that authors adhere to the guidelines for authorship that are applicable in their specific research field. In absence of specific guidelines it is recommended to adhere to the following guidelines*:

All authors whose names appear on the submission

1) fabricated substantial contributions to the conception or pattern of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data; or the creation of new software used in the work;

2) drafted the work or revised information technology critically for important intellectual content;

3) approved the version to be published; and

iv) hold to be answerable for all aspects of the piece of work in ensuring that questions related to the accurateness or integrity of whatever part of the piece of work are appropriately investigated and resolved.

* Based on/adapted from:

ICMJE, Defining the Role of Authors and Contributors,

Transparency in authors' contributions and responsibilities to promote integrity in scientific publication, McNutt at all, PNAS February 27, 2018

Disclosures and declarations

All authors are requested to include data regarding sources of funding, financial or not-financial interests, study-specific approval by the appropriate ethics commission for research involving humans and/or animals, informed consent if the inquiry involved man participants, and a argument on welfare of animals if the enquiry involved animals (equally appropriate).

The determination whether such information should exist included is not just dependent on the scope of the journal, just besides the scope of the article. Work submitted for publication may have implications for public health or general welfare and in those cases it is the responsibility of all authors to include the advisable disclosures and declarations.

Data transparency

All authors are requested to make sure that all information and materials as well equally software awarding or custom lawmaking support their published claims and comply with field standards. Delight note that journals may have individual policies on (sharing) research data in concordance with disciplinary norms and expectations.

Role of the Corresponding Author

One author is assigned as Respective Author and acts on behalf of all co-authors and ensures that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately addressed.

The Respective Writer is responsible for the following requirements:

ensuring that all listed authors have approved the manuscript before submission, including the names and society of authors;
managing all advice between the Journal and all co-authors, before and after publication;*
providing transparency on re-use of textile and mention whatever unpublished material (for example manuscripts in press) included in the manuscript in a comprehend letter to the Editor;
making sure disclosures, declarations and transparency on information statements from all authors are included in the manuscript as advisable (see to a higher place).

* The requirement of managing all advice between the journal and all co-authors during submission and proofing may exist delegated to a Contact or Submitting Author. In this case please brand sure the Corresponding Author is clearly indicated in the manuscript.

Writer contributions

In absence of specific instructions and in inquiry fields where it is possible to describe discrete efforts, the Publisher recommends authors to include contribution statements in the work that specifies the contribution of every author in order to promote transparency. These contributions should be listed at the split up title folio.

Examples of such statement(s) are shown below:

• Complimentary text:

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by [total proper name], [total name] and [total name]. The outset typhoon of the manuscript was written by [full name] and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the last manuscript.

Example: CRediT taxonomy:

• Conceptualization: [full name], …; Methodology: [full name], …; Formal analysis and investigation: [full proper noun], …; Writing - original draft training: [total name, …]; Writing - review and editing: [full proper noun], …; Funding conquering: [full proper noun], …; Resources: [full proper name], …; Supervision: [full name],….

For review manufactures where detached statements are less applicative a argument should exist included who had the idea for the article, who performed the literature search and data assay, and who drafted and/or critically revised the work.

For articles that are based primarily on the educatee's dissertation or thesis, it is recommended that the educatee is unremarkably listed every bit chief author:

A Graduate Educatee's Guide to Determining Authorship Credit and Authorship Society, APA Science Educatee Council 2006

Affiliation

The primary affiliation for each author should exist the institution where the majority of their work was washed. If an author has subsequently moved, the electric current address may additionally be stated. Addresses will not exist updated or changed later publication of the article.

Changes to authorship

Authors are strongly advised to ensure the correct author grouping, the Corresponding Writer, and the order of authors at submission. Changes of authorship past calculation or deleting authors, and/or changes in Corresponding Author, and/or changes in the sequence of authors are not accepted after acceptance of a manuscript.

Please note that author names will be published exactly every bit they appear on the accepted submission!

Please make sure that the names of all authors are nowadays and correctly spelled, and that addresses and affiliations are current.

Adding and/or deleting authors at revision stage are by and large not permitted, but in some cases it may exist warranted. Reasons for these changes in authorship should exist explained. Blessing of the change during revision is at the discretion of the Editor-in-Chief. Please notation that journals may take individual policies on adding and/or deleting authors during revision stage.

Writer identification

Authors are recommended to apply their ORCID ID when submitting an article for consideration or larn an ORCID ID via the submission process.

Deceased or incapacitated authors

For cases in which a co-author dies or is incapacitated during the writing, submission, or peer-review process, and the co-authors experience it is advisable to include the author, co-authors should obtain approving from a (legal) representative which could be a direct relative.

Authorship issues or disputes

In the case of an authorship dispute during peer review or after acceptance and publication, the Journal will not be in a position to investigate or adjudicate. Authors will be asked to resolve the dispute themselves. If they are unable the Periodical reserves the right to withdraw a manuscript from the editorial process or in case of a published paper raise the issue with the authors' institution(s) and bide by its guidelines.

Confidentiality

Authors should treat all communication with the Journal every bit confidential which includes correspondence with direct representatives from the Periodical such as Editors-in-Chief and/or Handling Editors and reviewers' reports unless explicit consent has been received to share information.

Research Data Policy

This journal operates a blazon 1 research data policy. The journal encourages authors, where possible and applicable, to deposit data that support the findings of their research in a public repository. Authors and editors who do not have a preferred repository should consult Springer Nature'southward list of repositories and research data policy.

List of Repositories

Enquiry Data Policy

Full general repositories - for all types of enquiry data - such as figshare and Dryad may also be used.

Datasets that are assigned digital object identifiers (DOIs) by a information repository may be cited in the reference list. Data citations should include the minimum information recommended by DataCite: authors, title, publisher (repository name), identifier.

DataCite

If the journal that you're submitting to uses double-blind peer review and y'all are providing reviewers with access to your data (for instance via a repository link, supplementary information or data on request), it is strongly suggested that the authorship in the data is too blinded. At that place are data repositories that can assist with this and/or will create a link to mask the authorship of your data.

Authors who need help understanding our data sharing policies, help finding a suitable information repository, or assistance organising and sharing research data tin admission our Author Support portal for additional guidance.

After Acceptance

Upon credence, your article will be exported to Production to undergo typesetting. Once typesetting is complete, you will receive a link asking you to ostend your amalgamation, choose the publishing model for your article besides as arrange rights and payment of whatsoever associated publication cost.

Once you have completed this, your commodity will be processed and you will receive the proofs.

Article publishing agreement

Depending on the ownership of the journal and its policies, yous will either grant the Publisher an exclusive licence to publish the article or volition be asked to transfer copyright of the article to the Publisher.

Offprints

Offprints can be ordered by the corresponding author.

Color illustrations

Publication of color illustrations is free of charge.

Proof reading

The purpose of the proof is to check for typesetting or conversion errors and the completeness and accuracy of the text, tables and figures. Substantial changes in content, eastward.g., new results, corrected values, championship and authorship, are non allowed without the blessing of the Editor.

After online publication, further changes can merely be made in the form of an Erratum, which will be hyperlinked to the article.

Online Showtime

The article volition be published online later receipt of the corrected proofs. This is the official first publication citable with the DOI. Subsequently release of the printed version, the paper can also exist cited by event and page numbers.

Open Choice

Open Pick allows you to publish open access in more than 1850 Springer Nature journals, making your enquiry more than visible and accessible immediately on publication.

Article processing charges (APCs) vary by journal – view the total list

Benefits:

Increased researcher engagement: Open Choice enables access past anyone with an internet connection, immediately on publication.
Higher visibility and impact: In Springer hybrid journals, OA articles are accessed 4 times more often on average, and cited 1.vii more times on boilerplate*.
Easy compliance with funder and institutional mandates: Many funders crave open access publishing, and some take compliance into account when assessing futurity grant applications.

It is easy to discover funding to back up open access – delight see our funding and support pages for more data.

*) Within the offset three years of publication. Springer Nature hybrid journal OA impact analysis, 2018.

Open Choice

Funding and Back up pages

Copyright and license term – CC BY

Open Choice articles practice not require transfer of copyright as the copyright remains with the author. In opting for open access, the author(southward) agree to publish the commodity under the Creative Commons Attribution License.

Find more well-nigh the license agreement

Open access publishing

To find out more well-nigh publishing your work Open Access in Journal of Neurology, including information on fees, funding and licenses, visit our Open access publishing page.

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Source: https://www.springer.com/journal/415/submission-guidelines